convection current

This term is primarily used in scientific contexts, specifically within physics, meteorology, and geology. It describes a cyclical process of heat transfer where the physical movement of a medium—such as air, water, or molten rock—transports thermal energy. It is distinct from conduction, which occurs through direct contact, and radiation, which occurs through electromagnetic waves.

In a geological context, these currents are the primary mechanism driving plate tectonics, while in meteorology, they are responsible for the formation of thunderstorms and wind patterns. The term is almost always used in a literal, technical sense and rarely appears in casual or metaphorical conversation.